Self-assessment Term Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Self-appraisal - Term Paper Example In light of the enormous five character evaluation, the part of receptiveness to experience and insight had a score of 47% which was decided as ordinarily uncreative. This needs improvement which will primarily be guided by engaging in imaginative meetings, complex exercises, however on a continuous procedure and progressively ordinary parts of the learning condition. This is significant given the current worldwide patterns that require imagination for one to upset through in whatever vocation they pick. Scruples was positioned at 64% which implied that I am ready to sort out myself and am dependable. Be that as it may, there should be an improvement to achieve self-restraint. Self-restraint in any working or social condition is significant in light of the fact that it separates one from all the rest (Drucker, 2010). Unwavering quality will prove to be useful too in different zones inside the association. Extraversion was positioned at 64% which implied that I generally appreciate pa rties. There should be some improvement in the territory of being chatty and carefree. I am anyway increasingly pleasing, at 74%, which demonstrates thought for the sentiments of others. This should be kept up and supported (Kelvin, 2011). I am additionally increasingly loose during an emergency which was positioned under neuroticism and had a score of 27%. Such is a significant quality when in the executives or managing threatening individuals in social settings while in school, this is something that guides in making bond with numerous individuals, thus a superior way of life and a quiet domain for all. The enthusiastic insight test indicated a high score on passionate knowledge. This suggests I am acceptable at abilities that need to manage the translation and comprehension of feelings and furthermore when there is a need to follow up on those aptitudes. Be that as it may, more work is required to keep up these since adroitness to respond and manage social and passionate clashes is consistently a significant trait, all things considered, circumstances. Enthusiastic knowledge is

Identifying Problems When Obtaining Population Parameters

Recognizing Problems When Obtaining Population Parameters We gauge populace parameters, for example, the mean, in light of the example measurements. It is hard to get an exact worth or point estimation of these figures. A progressively viable and educational methodology is to discover a scope of qualities where we expect the populace parameters will fall. Such a scope of qualities is known as a certainty interim. 1. Certainty INTERVAL Definition The certainty interim is a scope of qualities developed from test information so the populace parameter is probably going to happen inside that extend at a predefined likelihood. The predefined likelihood is known as the degree of certainty. The state of the likelihood dispersion of the example mean permits us to determine an interim of explicit likelihood that the populace mean, Ââ µ, will fall into. 1.1 Large Sample Or Standard Deviation Is Known Case 1: The standard deviation à Ã¦' is known; or It is an enormous example (for example in any event 30 perceptions). The Central Limit Theorem expresses that the inspecting appropriation of the example implies is around ordinary. We can utilize the tables in the Appendix to locate the fitting Z esteem. Key Points The standard ordinary dispersion permits us to make the accompanying inferences: 68% of the example means will be inside 1 standard deviations of the populace mean, Ââ µ. 95% of the example means will be inside 1.96 standard deviations of the populace mean, Ââ µ. 99% of the example means will exist in 2.58 standard deviations of the populace mean. These interims are known as the certainty interim. The standard deviation above (for example the standard mistake) is alluding to the standard deviation of the inspecting appropriation of the example mean. Finding 0.475 in the body of the table, read the comparing line and segment esteems, the worth is 1.96. Therefore, the likelihood of finding a Z esteem somewhere in the range of 0 and 1.96 is 0.475. Similarly, the likelihood of being in the interim between - 1.96 and 0 is additionally 0.475. At the point when we consolidate these two, the likelihood of being in the interim of - 1.96 to 1.96 is consequently 0.95. 1.1.1 How would you register a 95% certainty interim? Accept our examination includes the yearly beginning pay of business graduates in a nearby college. The example mean is $39,000, while the standard deviation of the example mean is $250. Accept our example contains in excess of 30 perceptions. The 95% certainty interim is somewhere in the range of $38,510 and $39,490. Found by $39,000 +/ - 1.96($250) As a rule, the populace standard deviation isn't accessible, so we gauge it as adheres to: (Standard Error) Ends: 95% certainty interim 99% certainty interim Certainty interim for the populace mean (n > 30) Z relies upon certainty level Model 1 The Hong Kong Tourist Association wishes to have data on the mean yearly pay of visit guides. An arbitrary example of 150 visit guides uncovers an example mean of $45,420. The standard deviation of this example is $2,050. The affiliation might want answers to the accompanying inquiries: (a) What is the populace mean? The best gauge of the obscure populace esteem is the relating test measurement. The example mean of $45,420 is a point gauge of the obscure populace mean. (b) What is a sensible scope of qualities for populace mean? The Association chooses to utilize the 95% degree of certainty. To decide the relating certainty interim, we utilize the equation: The endpoints would be $45,169 and $45,671 and they are called certainty limits. We could expect about 95% of these certainty interims contain the populace mean. About 5% of the interims would not contain the populace mean yearly pay, for example the Ââ µ. Figure 2 Probability dissemination of populace mean 1.2 Small Sample Or Standard Deviation Is Unknown Case 2: The example is little (for example under 30 perceptions) or, the populace standard deviation isn't known. The right factual system is to supplant the standard ordinary circulation with the t appropriation. The t appropriation is a nonstop conveyance with numerous likenesses to the standard typical circulation. 1.2.1 Standard ordinary conveyance versus t circulation Figure 3 Z dispersion versus t conveyance The t dispersion is compliment and more spread out than the standard ordinary circulation. The standard deviation of the t dispersion is bigger than the ordinary circulation. Certainty interim for an example with obscure populace mean, à Ã¦'. The certainty interim is Expect the example is from an ordinary populace. Gauge the populace standard deviation (à Ã¦') with the example standard deviation (s). Use t dispersion as opposed to the Z circulation. Model 2 A shoe creator needs to research the helpful existence of his items. An example of 10 sets of shoes that had been strolled for 50,000 km indicated an example mean of 0.32 inch of sole staying with a standard deviation of 0.09 cm. Developing a 95% certainty interim for the populace mean, would it be sensible for the producer to presume that after 50,000 km the populace mean measure of sole remaining is 0.3 cm? Expect the populace dispersion is ordinary. The example standard deviation is 0.09 cm. There are just 10 perceptions and subsequently, we use t dispersion Estimation: = 0.32, s = 0.09, and n = 10. Stage 1: Locate t by moving over the column for the degree of certainty required (for example 95%). Stage 2: The section on the left edge is recognized as df. This alludes to the quantity of degrees of opportunity. The quantity of level of opportunity is the quantity of perceptions in the example less the quantity of tests, composed n-1.(i.e. 10-1=9). Stage 3: Confidence Interval = The endpoints of the certainty interim are 0.256 and 0.384. Stage 4: Interpretation the maker can be sensibly certain (95% sure) that the mean residual track profundity is somewhere in the range of 0.256 and 0.384 cm. Since 0.3 is in this interim, it is conceivable that the mean of the populace is 0.3. 2. Picking AN APPROPRIATE SAMPLE SIZE The important example size relies upon three components: Level of certainty needed: To build level of certainty, increment n. Safety buffer the scientist will endure: To lessen passable mistake, increment n. Inconstancy in the populace being contemplated: For an all the more generally scattered example, increment n. We can communicate the collaboration among these three components and the example size in the accompanying equation: Test size for evaluating the populace mean, Note: n: Sample size Z: Standard typical worth S: Estimate of populace standard deviation E: Maximum passable blunder Model 3 A bookkeeping understudy needs to know the mean sum that autonomous chiefs of little organizations acquire every month as compensation for being an executive. The blunder in evaluating the mean is to be under $100 with a 95% degree of certainty. The understudy found a report by the administration that evaluated the standard deviation to be $1000. What is the necessary example size? Most extreme passable blunder, E, is $100. Estimation of Z for a 95% degree of certainty is 1.96, and the gauge of the standard deviation is $1000. Substitute into , we get n = [ (1.96) (1000) ] 2 = 19.62 = 384.16 100 The example of 385 is required to meet the necessities. In the event that the understudies need to expand the degree of certainty, for example 99%, this requires a bigger example. Z = 2.58, so n = [ (2.58) (1000) ] 2 = 25.82 = 665.64 100 Test = 666 3. WHAT IS A HYPOTHESIS? Definitions Speculation is an announcement about a populace parameter created to test. Speculation testing is a technique dependent on test proof and likelihood hypothesis to decide if the theory is a sensible explanation. In measurable examination, we generally make a case about the populace parameters, for example a theory. We gather information and afterward utilize the information to test the affirmation. 4.1 Five-Step Procedure For Testing A Hypothesis Figure 4 How to test a speculation 4.1.1 Step 1: State invalid speculation (H0) and elective theory (H1) The initial step is to express the speculation being tried. It is known as the invalid speculation. We either reject or neglect to dismiss the invalid speculation. Neglecting to dismiss the invalid speculation doesn't demonstrate that H0 is valid. The invalid speculation is an explanation that isn't dismissed except if our example information give persuading proof that it is bogus. The elective theory is an explanation that is acknowledged whether the example information give adequate proof that the invalid speculation is bogus. Model 4 A diary has unveiled that the mean period of business helicopters is 15 years. A measurable trial of this announcement would initially need to decide the invalid and the substitute speculations. The invalid theory speaks to the present or announced condition. It is composed H0: Ââ µ = 15. The substitute theory is that the announcement isn't correct, for example H1: Ââ µ à ¢Ã¢â‚¬ °Ã¢ 15. 4.1.2 Step 2: Select a degree of centrality The degree of importance is the likelihood of dismissing the invalid theory when it is valid. A choice is made to utilize the 5% level, 1% level, 10% level or some other level somewhere in the range of 0 and 1. We should choose the degree of hugeness before defining a choice principle and gathering test information. Type I blunder: Rejecting the invalid speculation, H0, when it is valid. Type II blunder: Accepting the invalid theory when it is bogus. Model 5 Assume AA Watch Ltd has educated arm band providers to offer for contract on the flexibly of a lot of arm bands. Providers with the most reduced offer will be granted a sizable agreement. Assume the agreement indicates that the watch makers quality-confirmation office will take tests of the shipment. H0: The shipment of arm band contains 6% or less inadequate arm bands. H1: More than 6% of the sheets are blemished. An example of 50 arm bands got August 2 from BB Meta

buy custom Obesity essay

purchase custom Obesity exposition Stoutness generally revealed way of life issue that is said to have no fix. This is a ceaseless condition that is brought about by over the top muscle to fat ratio. It is conceivable to obtain this ailment when you put on a ton of superfluous weight, and afterward you can't consume a similar measure of calories earned. There are certainly a lot of reasons for this specific illness that happen both in kids, and in grown-ups. All things considered, the body needs a specific measure of fat in the body so as to work ordinarily, and this likewise changes with people. In ladies, the amount of fat ought to be somewhere in the range of 25% and 30%. In men, the amount ought to be somewhere in the range of 18% and 23% .With these normal figures, at that point a man with over 25% and a lady with over 30% is viewed as fat (Heymsfield et al. 525). Once more, from the ebb and flow investigate, at any rate 33% of the all out American populace is corpulent or overweight. There have been huge clashing perspectives from well known insightful diaries on whether heftiness ought to be viewed as a malady. There has not been any substantial demonstrate to help any of the contentions that have been proposed. In spite of the fact that heftiness isn't the main general medical issue, it is inappropriate to name it as a malady from the customary perspective, since it doesn't meet the sensible rules for such illnesses. This issue is a genuine wellbeing issue that is legitimately hurtful to ones wellbeing. For example, in America, 300,000 passings happen every year with the significant reason being stoutness. At the point when an individual is experiencing this issue, they are presented to more prominent odds of being tainted by various ceaseless ailments. These incorporate the Insulin obstruction, Type 2 diabetes, hypertension, coronary failure, disease, among others (Manson et al. 885). The fat cells in the body are fundamentally liable for the insulin opposition more than the muscle cells, and this is the reason this is a significant reason for heftiness. The insulin opposition state can generally keep going for s numerous years, and when the pancrease is not, at this point ready to create the significant levels of insulin, the blood glucose levels start to rise, which at last outcomes to type 2 diabetes. From the clinical report, it is likewise clear that, during the period when there is insulin opposition, there will likewise be the solidifying of the supply routes, which is additionally an intricacy of this malady. Among the more established hefty people, the basic entanglements that they experience the ill effects of are High circulatory strain, coronary failure, and malignant growth issues. As the body weight increments among the ladies, so does their danger of their pulse. The report additionally indicated that the hazard is more prominent in ladies than in men. A similar case applies to ladies whose BMI is more noteworthy than 29. These people endure an extraordinary danger of experiencing passing from the coronary illness (Williamson et al. 178). With the primary coronary failure, there is expanded danger of a previous one to happen if heftiness is the fundamental issue. Corpulence is additionally connected with representing an incredible hazard to malignancy contamination. It is connected to causing colon malignancy in the two people. Because of estrogen increment in the circulatory system, the ladies are additionally at more serious danger of being tainted with bosom malignant growth, pa rticularly in their postmenopausal stages. At present, it is clear than separated from indulging and physical inertia, there are a few other basic factors that add to heftiness. One of these elements is the hereditary segment. On the off chance that at least one guardians have the historical backdrop of being fat, at that point an individual will have the possibility of having their hormones being tainted, and alter the fat guideline. Nourishments that are high in fat and sugars have been known to have a high fat substance, thus add to incredible weight gain (Droyvold et al. 340). An eating regimen that has over the top sugar levels will thus prompt expanded glucose levels that invigorate the insulin discharge by the pancreases. This procedure in the end prompts the development of fat tissues, which causse weight gain. The motivation behind why more ladies are at the danger of being large is the way that, they have less muscles than the men. For this specific explanation, they have more slow metabolic rates than men, and in a similar way, weight reduction is progressively troublesome. Individuals lose their muscles as they progress in age, and their metabolic levels delayed down. This happens all the more regularly if an individual doesn't lessen their caloric admission. With expectations of arriving at the normal body loads, the people might be compelled to adjust a demanding eating regimen. After some time, there may be some amazing weight reduction perceived, however it ordinarily returns rapidly (Yuker and Allison 250). This is the reason an all the more enduring answer for treat weight ought to be not being directed in momentary premise, however it ought to be a continuous deep rooted process. People ought not append all the more significance to putting on a perfect load as a method of treating heftiness, however the general objective ought to be to reach and keep up a more advantageous weight, for a more drawn out time. Researchers have put forth attempts of improving the drug and treatment of this issue (Heymsfield et al. 557). Their primary objective is to have a superior and more secure approach to manage this issue. Right now, there is no demonstrated treatment for stoutness that is viewed as moment, yet it is fairly a progressive procedure. This is accomplished by a long-existence of legitimate eating regimen and ordinary exercise. Medicine is given to those patients whose danger of having corpulence is more noteworthy than the potential side of recuperating securely. Taking everything into account, it is significant for each person to attempt to keep up their optimal body weight by adjusting their food utilization and calories required by their body. The strength of an individual is controlled by what they eat, subsequently, it is imperative to continue checking the sums and nature of nourishments that one eats. This propensity ought to be rehearsed in all age gatherings to forestall the event of heftiness and its difficulties among the residents. Purchase custom Obesity exposition

International Human Resource Management A Literature Review - Free Essay Example

Due to globalization, the economy around the world has been largely integrated. Many corporations are expanding their markets into regions or other countries they have never touched before. These corporations are experiencing an evolutionary stage: internationalization. It is clear that effective human resource management of an organization is the major competitive advantage and may even be the most important determinant of organizational performance. Thus, in order to survive in the crucial global economic market, a multinational corporation (MNC) mainly relies on the capability of its international human resource management (IHRM) during the internationalization process. In other words, it is the IHRMs responsibility to enable the MNCs to be successful globally. Over the past several decades, practitioners and scholars have devoted great effort to explore the field of IHRM and there have developed thousands of literatures which support the notion that international human resource management is increasingly an important topic. Most of their focus has been on IHRM issues in MNCs. Further, much of the literature deals specifically with managing expatriates (Napier, 1998).This literature review is divided into five parts. First part provides a brie f introduction of the IHRM definition. In the second part, reasons for the increasing importance of IHRM are explained. Then, the author introduces strategic IHRM and an integrative framework of Strategic IHRM in MNCs Definition of International Human Resource Management (IHRM) What is IHRM? Actually, it is not easy to provide a precise definition of international human resource management (IHRM) because the responsibility of an HR manger in a multinational corporation (MNC) varies from one firm to another. Generally speaking, IHRM is the effective utilization of human resources in a corporation in an international environment. Scullion (1995: p352) defined IHRM as the HRM issues and problems arising from the internationalization of business, and the HRM strategies, policies and practices which firms pursue in response to the internationalization of business. In most studies, the term IHRM has traditionally focused on expatriation (Brewster and Harris, 1999). However, IHRM covers a far wider spectrum than expatriation management. Four major activities essentially concerned with IHRM were recruitment and selection, training and development, compensation and repatriation of expatriates (Welch, 1994). Iles (1995) also identifies four key areas in IHRM as recruitment and selection, training and development, managing multicultural teams and international diversity and performance management. From the perspective of worldwide people management, Hendry (1994) points out three main issues in IHRM: 1) expatriation management and development; 2) the management internationalization through the whole organization; 3) creating a corporate culture to internationalize the corporation to fulfill the increasing need of inter-cultural interactions of doing business abroad and in home country. Recent definitions concern IHRM with activities of how MNCs manage their geographically decentralized employees in order to develop their HR resources for competitive advantage, both locally and globally. The role and functions of IHRM, the relationship between subsidiaries and headquarters, and the policies and practices are considered in this more strategic approach. Dowling, Schuler and Welch define IHRM as a collection of policies and practices that a multinational enterprise uses to manage local and non-local employees it has in countries other than their home countries (Dowling et al., 1993: p2). Due to the development of globalization, new challenges occur and increase the complexity of managing MNCs. IHRM is seen as a key role to balance the need for coordinating and controlling oversea subsidiaries, and the need to adapt to local environments. Therefore, the definition of IHRM has extended to management localization, international coordination, and the development of global leadership, etc. (Gregerson et al., 1998; Scullion and Starkey, 2000). To sum up, IHRM should not become a description of fragmented responses to distinctive national problems nor about the copying of HRM practices, as many of these practices suit national cultures and institutions. Indeed, issues of concern in IHRM are those of consistency or standardization within diverse social and cultural environments (Nankervis, Compton Baird, 2002). Reasons for growing importance of IHRM In order to explore the field of IHRM, it is important to understand why there is gradual increase of interest in International Human Resource Management. IHRM is of great importance at present for a number of reasons: Recent years have witnessed the rapid growth of globalization and international competition. The multinational corporations (MNCs) have increased in number and significance, which contributing to the growing importance of the international role of human resource management (Black et al., 2000). It has been increasingly recognized that the effectiveness of human resource management is one of the major factors to determine the success or failure of international business. There is also recognition that the quality of management in international operations seems to be more critical than in domestic operations (Black et al., 1999; Harris et al., 2003). A growing shortage of managers with international exposure and experience is becoming an increasing deficiency which affects a companys corporate efforts to expand abroad. Meanwhile, the emerging markets require managers with distinctive competence and context-specific knowledge of how to do business successfully in countries which are both culturally and economically distantly. Thus, a larger role for IHRM activities in multinational corporations is assigned (Black and Gregersen, 1999; Morgan et al., 2003). The failure in international business arena is often costly both in human and financial terms, and is proved to be more severe than that in domestic business. Companies need to take precautionary measures to train and compensate human resources. This makes a full-fledged IHRM necessary (Dowling et al., 1999). HR strategy plays a significant role in the control and implementation in MNCs. It is not difficult to determine which strategy to pursue for a MNC in an internationalizing environment. What challenges is how to implement these strategies to be successful. Developing unique or ganizational cultures is of far more importance than structural innovations in any global or transnational strategy. To this extent, IHRM strategy becomes the crucial determinant of the implementation and success of the MNC strategy (Bartlett and Ghoshal, 1998). The complex nature of HRM problems involving in global environment is underestimated by some companies. Poor management of human resource often results in business failures in international business. Expatriate performance failure or underperformance continues to be problematic for IHRM in many international corporations (Dowling et al. 1994). Strategic IHRM Under the global context, understanding how multinational Corporations (MNCs) can operate more effectively becomes more important than ever. This links a MNC with the need of an internationalized strategy which can direct its subsidiaries operation not only in the home country, but also in different parts of the world. There are several reasons to develop IHRM strategy: 1) at any level, HRM is important to strategy implementation (Hamel Prahalad, 1986; Schuler and Jackson 2001); 2)major strategic components of multinational enterprises have a major influence on international management issues, functions, and policies and practices(Edstrom and Galbraith, 1977; Robers et al., 1998); 3) the attainment of the concerns and goals of MNCs can be influenced by many of these characteristics of IHRM (Kobrin, 1992); 4) the study of IHRM is challenging and important because there are a wide variety of factors making the relationship between MNCs and IHRM complex(Bartlett and Goshal, 1998, 200 0; Dowling et al., 1999). Schuler et al. (1993) define strategic IHRM as human resource management issues, functions and policies and practices that result from the strategic activities of multinational enterprises and that impact the international concerns and goals of those enterprises(P422). They developed a model (see figure 1.) to examine the field of Strategic IHRM. The model shows the linkage of important elements connected with IHRM, the importance of integration and differentiation of these elements. Exogenous Factors Industry Characteristics Country/ Regional Characteristics MNC Concerns and Goals Competitiveness Efficiency Responsiveness Flexibility Transfer of Knowledge and learning SIHRM Issues Interunit Linkages -control/ variety Internal Operations Local sensitivity / Strategic fit SIHRM Function Orientation Resources Location Strategic MNC Components Interunit Linkages Internal Operations SIHRM Policies/ Practices Staffing Appraising Compensating Developing Endogenous Factors Structure of International operations Headquarters international orientation Competitive Strategy Experience in Managing International Operations Figure 1. Integrative framework of Strategic IHRM in MNCs In the model, two major strategic components of MNCs that influence Strategic IHRM are pointed out: interunit linkages and internal operations. Regarding interunit linkages, multinational enterprises are concerned with how to effective operate their various world-wide operating units. In particular, the key objectives appear to be how these operating units are to be differentiated and integrated, controlled and coordinated. For strategic IHRM, the issues associated with integrating and coordinating an MNCs units represent a major influence on strategic IHRM issues, policies and practices (Schuler et al., 1993). With respect to internal operations, they require the same attention as the linkage of the units, since they all influence MNC effectiveness. Each unit has to be operated as effectively as possible relative to the competitive strategy of the MNC and the unit itself (Schuler et al., 2002). It has been argued that the success of strategic IHRM in a MNC is largely influenced by the quality of it human resources and how effectively the corporations employees are managed (Bartlett and Goshal, 1992). There are three approaches which describe how multinational companies manage the human resources and their overseas subsidiaries: ethnocentric, polycentric and geocentric. Eethnocentric Approach This practice usually happens in the early stage of a firms internationalization involvement. With this approach, strategic decisions are all made by the headquarters and the management practices are transferred to the subsidiaries. Most important positions are filled by parent-country nationals (PCNs).As a result, little autonomy is given to overseas operating units. During this stage, home country expatriates exercise tight control. Polycentric Approach When the strategy becomes polycentric, there is a marked decline in the number of PCNs sending abroad and their role changes into communication and coordination of strategic objectives. Host-country nationals (HCNs) are recruited to manage the operating units in their own country because local managers know more about the local circumstances and are more familiar with local business ethics. More autonomy is given to local managers to develop their own management practices appropriate for the subsidiary. Geocentric Approach This approach relates most closely to the global or transnational strategy. Selection of employees is based on competency rather than nationality. The best of headquarter and local practices are combined by MNCs in order to come up with a global-implemented HR strategy. Most MNCs take the IHRM strategy as a guideline and implement it locally. It is therefore the HR managers responsibilities to provide the proper international HR strategy to prepare and manage the employees in their home country or an international assignment. IHRM and Culture Different cultures of various countries and MNCs are one of the most important and difficult challenges to the conduct of IHRM. National and organizational cultures differentiate from one country and firm from those of another. Often these differences clash when companies conduct business in multinational environment. Cultural differences across countries can influence people in their work environment (Harzing Ruysseveldt, 2004). Hofstede (1984) defines culture as collective programming of the mind which distinguishes the members of one human group from another (Hofstede, 1984: P21). It is important to understand peoples different cultural backgrounds to be able to identify the consequences for international management. According to Medich (1995), culture is a crucial variable in international assignments and should be included in international management practices (Medich, 1995). As it is claimed by Briscoe and Schuler (2004) that knowledge about and competency in working with country and company cultures is the most important issue impacting the success of international business activity (Briscoe and Schuler, 2004: P114), understanding various values, beliefs and behaviors of people are essential aspects of success for doing business internationally. Understanding Culture as Layers of Meaning The multiple layers of meaning of culture are one of the complexities that make it so difficult to manage. There are a large number of readily observable characteristics (such as food, art, clothing, greetings and historical landmarks) that differ obviously from other countries or operations. Sometimes these are referred as manifestations of underlying values and assumptions which are much less obvious. One way to understand this complexity is explained by the layers of culture model (see Figure 2). The model represents culture as a series of layers. Moving from outside to inside, each layer represents less and less explicit values and assumptions while the values and assumptions become more important in determining the attitudes and behaviors. Surface Culture Hidden Culture Invisible Culture Figure 2. Model of Culture Layers The outermost layer, which is called the surface layer, corresponds to readily visible values and assumptions, like dress, body language and food. The middle layer or the hidden culture layer corresponds to religions, values and philosophies concerning for example what is right and wrong. The invisible layer at the core represents one cultures universal truths, which is most difficult for foreigners to understand (Briscoe Schuler, 2004). According to Harzing and Ruysseveldt (2004) there exist different cultural dimension among different cultures. These cultural dimensions have been identified and one frequently cited work from a well-known researcher within this cultural dimension field is Geert Hofstede. Hofstedes cultural dimensions Hofstede have identified five cultural dimensions for which each country could be classified in. These five dimensions are power distance, uncertainty avoidance, individualism versus collectivism, masculinity versus femininity, and long-term versus short-term orientation (Hofstede, 2001). Power distance indicates the level of inequality in institutions and organizations. A country with large power distance is characterized by formal hierarchies and by subordinates who have little influence in their own work and where the boss have total authority. Uncertainty avoidance focuses on the level in which people in a certain country tolerate uncertainty and ambiguity within the society. High uncertainty indicates that the country has a low tolerance for uncertainty and ambiguity. This will inevitably create a society which is rule-oriented, which institutes laws, regulations and controls to diminish the amount of uncertainty (Hofstede, 1984). Individualism versus collectivism refers to the degree where people prefer to take care of themselves, and making their own decisions rather than being bound to groups or families. A highly individualistic society consists of usually impersonal and loose relationships between individuals, while a low individualistic society has more tight relationships between individuals, hence referred to as collectivism by Hofstede (1984). The masculinity versus femininity dimension describes if a culture are bound towards values that are seen as more similar to womens or mens values. Masculinity is characterized by stereotype adjectives such as assertiveness and competitive, while the femininity is characterized by modesty and sensitivity. A high masculinity ranking indicates the country experiences a high degree of gender differences, usually favoring men rather than women. The fifth and last cultural dimension is long-term versus short-term orientation. A long-term oriented society emphasize on building a future oriented perspective in contrast to the short-term oriented society which values the present and past (Hofstede, 2001).

Econometric Models And Estimation Methods - 1402 Words

3. Econometric Models and Estimation Methods BYUIloggpa = ß + ßLoansabove7250 + ßLoansbelow7250 + ßOnline + ßPathway + ßSchol + ßDepartment + ßCredits + ßMarr + ßGender + ßAcahold + ßHonhold + ßTranscredits + ßFirstgen + ßMinority + ßDegree + ßOnlinePath + ßLastSemester + u In the econometric model, the log of GPAs is the dependent variable. The independent variables, as listed in the above model, are: amount of students loans, online or day student, Pathway graduate, scholarship, department, number of cumulative credits, marital status, gender, academic holds, honor holds, transfer credits, first generation college student, minority, level of degree attained, an online and pathway interaction variable, and last semester, indicating when each student graduated. The student loan variable is split into a set of three dummy variables, the reference category is if the student doesn’t have any loans, the next category is if the student has loans below 7,250 dollars, and the last category is for students with more than 7,250 dollars in loans. The reference category for the online dummy variable is if the student is a day or on campus student. The pathway variable is for a student that came to Brigham Young University-Idaho through the Pathway program. The department variable represents a set of dummy variables listing all of the different departments from which the students in this study graduated. 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However, there is no a specific and accurate way to measure the size of shadow banking in a financial system because of its hidden and impenetrable nature. In general, two categories of methods have created by economic researchers: direct and indirect estimation. For direct calculating, researchers add up the assets of main shadow banking sectors or compute the discrepancy in national accounts to get the total scale of the shadow banking system. Pozsar et al. (2010) summarizedRead MoreLong And Short Term Effects Of The War On Sri Lankans Economic Growth760 Words   |  4 PagesIntroduction This report has two parts. Part A is Long and Short term effects of the War on Sri Lankans economic growth(Ganegodage Rambaldi, 2014), in which the researchers propose a theoretical and econometric framework to evaluate the impact of war oneconomic growth of a developing country with an open economy and test it with Sri Lankan data (1960-2008). 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In general the production functionsof Welfens and Jasinski describing the economic growth in the recipient country can bedefined by the following equation[61, p.254]: (1.9) where â€Å"Y† is an output (GDP or GNP); â€Å"K†Read MorePrice Variations Of A New Mobile Products1481 Words   |  6 Pageslow-value products. 3.4 Construction of econometric model results analysis 3.4.1 Construction of econometric model The former part mainly applied statistical method to comparing price levels of two types of retailers. When constructing theoretical model for price issue in B2C market, price factor must be fully considered and rationally quantified. This paper would mainly adopt Lee ( 2010 ) method to establish econometric model; in the following econometric model, this paper will analyze and study factorsRead MoreRelationship Between Blood And Iron1306 Words   |  6 Pagesvalues of inclusion and also that as the reason proceeds the result in time. 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Samples were selected randomly from the business register kept at the Statistical Office of Kosova and the

A Reflection of the Treatment of African Americans in the...

In the time between World War I and World War II, African Americans faced many forms of discrimination. After World War I, during the 1920s, some 800,000 African Americans moved north to cities such as Detroit, New York City and Chicago due to the harsh treatment they faced in the South. However, the North was not free of bigotry. Langston Hughes, a famous African American poet and author, wrote many poems describing the treatment of African Americans and their struggle to survive. Hughes poems reflect the treatment of African Americans in the 1920s and 30s in a very realistic manner regarding: education, housing, and racist organizations. During the 1920s and 30s educational opportunities for African Americans were becoming†¦show more content†¦Roosevelt won the election. His plan to restore America to economic stability was an `alphabet soup of programs known as the New Deal. It brought upon organizations such as the National Youth Administration and the Civilian Conservation Corps. The NYA and the CCC enabled black youths to continue their education. The National Youth Administration helped them by quot;[giving] young people part time jobs that provided money to help them stay in schoolquot; (Boyer, 1995, 702). Also, quot;some 200,000 young black men flocked to the CCC, where they found work and trainingquot; (Boyer, 1995, 708). Although African Americans had work and training available to them, they were quot;strictly segregated from the whitesquot; (Boyer, 1995, 708). With the help of the CCC, NYA and other programs brought on by the New Deal, more educational opportunities were opened unto African Americans than ever before. Also, during this time period, discrimination towards African Americans in relation to housing was common. African Americans were confined mainly to overcrowded and dilapidated housing. They were also restricted to low paying, menial jobs. 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The Family Jewels/Electra Heart by Marina and the Diamonds free essay sample

â€Å"OH MY GOD. You look just like Shakira!† These are often the first words sung from my mouth when I see a certain friend of mine in the morning. Followed immediately by, â€Å"No, no, you’re Catherine Zeta?† and then her response: â€Å"Actually, my name’s Marina!† If I had my choice, I’d probably paint a heart by my eye everyday to show my support of Marina Diamandis. She’s easily my newest favorite artist, but unlike all my previous â€Å"favorite† singers, she’s stuck with me far longer than even my parents expected. In fact, my dad was the one to introduce her songs to me. I don’t remember what caught my attention the most: the sound of her voice, so deep and lilting one moment, then high and flirtatious the next, or maybe the sound of the music, so unique to a mind used to radio stations stuck on Katy Perry, Maroon 5, Rihanna, and so on. We will write a custom essay sample on The Family Jewels/Electra Heart by Marina and the Diamonds or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Maybe it was her lyrics. â€Å"One life with one dream on repeat†¦I’ll escape if I try hard enough†¦Ã¢â‚¬Ëœtil King of the Jungle calls my bluff†¦Ã¢â‚¬  Never before had I found myself buying over a dozen songs all by the same person. The difference, I’ve decided, between her and other singers, is precisely that her songs are different†¦from each other. None of them sound anything like each other, but they all have a very definite twist of Marina. How to Be a Heartbreaker, I’m on my feet dancing like I’m cuckoo , Lies, and I’m practically in tears for her, Teen Idle, and suddenly I want to go give all my friends a hug. She’s beautiful and talented, and the words that pour from her mind also come from her heart. Before you ask, she sounds the same on YouTube and iTunes as she does ten feet away on a stage. Marina and the Diamonds†¦or really, just Marina. This is a woman who managed to alter a few lyrics in a song Ià ¢â‚¬â„¢ve never cared for, and then instantly won me over with her live video of her singing it a capella. What song was this? None other than Boyfriend by Justin Bieber. No longer a song about â€Å"swagger†, it’s a song about a frustrated girl and her ex-boyfriend, and what he could’ve done to treat her better. I hope she continues to tour and will here again next year, as her concerts are not to be missed. I have yet to hear her on the radio, but I promise that when I do, the volume will be turned waaaaaaay up. She’s obsessed with the mess that’s America, and I’m obsessed with the jewel that’s Marina†¦.